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For many weeks . . . they [the army] suffered for want of food, blankets, and clothes, particularly shoes. Provisions of all kinds were nearly exhausted . . . there were many other hardships they had to undergo; that cruel scourge, the small-pox, was introduced into the camp, threatening to destroy all who had not been inoculated [vaccinated] . . . Some of the troops had been a week, and others three or four days, without a mouthful of animal food of any kind . . .
. . . [General Washington’s] confidence in the final triumph of freedom and the cause of liberty, and the final success of the army under his command, never forsook [abandoned] him. While he felt for the trials of those under his command, and suffered with them, and his benevolent heart bled for their sufferings . . . he stood firm and unmoved . . .
The History of Valley Forge by Henry Woodman, whose father served with General Washington
- Identify an example of George Washington acting as a military leader.
- Explain how his actions as a military leader impacted the Revolutionary War.
- Use details and examples from the excerpt to support your response.
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The federal and State governments are . . . different agents . . . of the people . . . with different powers, and designed for different purposes.
James Madison, The Federalist: No. 46
- Identify the principle of government described in this excerpt.
- Explain how the U.S. Constitution provides for this principle of government.
- Use details and examples from the excerpt to support your response.
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We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
Preamble to the U.S. Constitution
- Identify the purpose of the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution.
- Explain why the words “to form a more perfect Union” were significant at the time the U.S. Constitution was written.
- Use details and examples from the excerpt to support your response.
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- Define the term industrialization.
- Explain the economic impact of the War of 1812 on American industry.
- Use details and examples to support your response.
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- Identify two countries of origin for European immigrants to the United States in the 1800s.
- Explain how nativism impacted the lives of these immigrants in the United States.
- Use details and examples to support your response.
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The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Section 1, 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, 1870
- Identify the purpose of the 15th Amendment.
- Explain how Reconstruction impacted the enforcement of the 15th Amendment.
- Use details and examples from the excerpt to support your response.
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