Correct Answer
Choice B C of p equals 22 p plus 18 \( (C(p) = 22p + 18) \) should be selected.
Explanation
Reading the data reveals that the increase from one row to the next has a constant rate of increase for pounds and a mostly constant rate of increase for recommended calories. You can confirm a constant rate of change over the entire table by plotting the points.
Calories Recommended for Dogs of a Given Weight
A constant rate of change like this typically represents a linear function, which means you can eliminate choices C and D right away, since these are not linear functions of the form y equals m x plus b. \( y = mx + b. \) Now you need to estimate that constant rate of change. Is it about 18 in option A or is it about 22 in option B? From the top to the bottom of the table, the average rate of change can be found byfraction with numerator of C of 88 minus C of 11 and denominator of 88 minus 11, which equals fraction with numerator of 1 thousand 8 hundred 80 minus 2 hundred 50 and denominator of 77, which equals fraction with numerator of 1 thousand 6 hundred 30 and denominator of 77, which is approximately equal to 21 point 2 calories per pound.
$$ \frac{C(88) - C(11)}{88-11} = \frac{1{,}880 - 250}{88-11} = \frac{1{,}630}{77} \approx 21.2 \text{ calories per pound}. $$
The rate of change for option B (22) is closer to the average rate of change.
You can confirm this by noticing that none of the rows except the last one increase by less than 200. If the rate of change (slope of the line) were about 18 calories per pound, a change in pounds of 11, as shown in the table, would result in a typical increase of about 18 times 11 equals 198 \( 18 \times 11 = 198 \) calories. If, on the other hand, the rate of change were 22 calories per pound, a typical increase in the number of calories from one row to the next would be 22 times 11 equals 242. \( 22 \times 11 = 242. \) Since no rows except the last one increase by less than 200, an average rate of change for 11 pounds in the table of 198 calories is less likely than an average rate of change of 242 calories.