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This page shows a list of topics in the Life Science MISA public release collection at MSDE. Life Science MISA
Released Questions in Topic "Life Science"

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Flatfish

The summer flounder is an important commercial and recreational fish found in the Chesapeake Bay. It is part of a group of vertebrates called flatfish that are found throughout the world. The most obvious characteristic of the flatfish is its asymmetry. Each side of the flatfish, when divided by a central line, is not identical.

Flatfish are born as symmetrical larvae swimming upright; however, as the flatfish develop into juveniles, they undergo many body changes during a process called metamorphosis. One significant change is the migration of one eye from one side of the head to the other. An adult flatfish has both eyes on the same side of its head. Adult flatfish usually lay flat on the ocean floor with both eyes on the upward-facing side of the head. Another change is in the coloration on the side of the body facing upward; it darkens to match the ocean floor. Adult flatfish swim with a sideways flapping motion. A diagram of an adult flatfish is shown.

The picture shows an adult Flatfish with both eyes on the same side of the head.

Eye migration in flatfish is controlled in part by the hormone thyroxine, produced by the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is produced by all vertebrates, but it causes eye migration only in flatfish. Thyroxine binds to molecules called thyroid receptors on the nuclear membrane of a cell and enters the nucleus of the cell. In the nucleus, it activates specific genes. The model shows what happens when thyroxine binds to its receptor.

The diagram titled Cell Response to Thyroxine shows parts of a cell. The cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Nuclear membrane and Nucleus are labeled. A Thyroxine hormone molecule starts outside the cell and passes through the cell membrane, where it connects with a Thyroxine receptor, then passes through the Nuclear membrane, where it connects with a Gene.

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Thyroxine Hormone

Scientists have extensively studied the metamorphosis in flatfish to understand the way in which thyroxine influences this process. The graphs show the relationship between thyroxine levels and the levels of gene expression during the flatfish larval stage. The migration of the eye occurs between day 25 and day 40. The coloration change in the upper side of the body occurs between day 40 and day 47. At day 47 metamorphosis is complete and the flatfish is now a juvenile.

The first graph is titled Thyroxine Hormone Level. The x axis is labeled Age of Fish in days. The x axis begins at zero and ends at fifty, increasing by intervals of ten. The y axis is labeled Thyroxine Level. The y axis begins at Low and ends at High. The data line starts at zero, medium-low, then decreases rapidly until it reaches three, very low, and stays about the same until it reaches twenty-five, low, where it begins to increase slowly to thirty-four, low, where it rises rapidly to thirty-five, medium-high, then dips slightly to thirty-nine, medium. The line then increases rapidly to forty, very high, then decreases rapidly to the end at forty-eight, medium. The second graph is titled Cellular Response to Thyroxine. The x axis is labeled Age of Fish in days. The x axis begins at zero and ends at fifty, increasing by intervals of ten. The y axis is labeled Level of Gene Expression. The y axis begins at Low and ends at High. The data line starts at zero, lowest, then increases rapidly until it reaches twelve, medium, where it begins to fluctuate slowly down and up, reaching sixteen, medium-low, then thirty-one, low. The line then increases rapidly to forty, high, and decreases rapidly to the end at forty-nine, medium-low.

The diagrams shows the physical changes flatfish undergo during metamorphosis.

There is a table titled Flatfish Metamorphosis. The table has four columns and three rows. The first column heading is Age in Days. The second column heading is Eye Migration. The third column heading is Swimming Position. The fourth column heading is Body Form. The key shows that the black dot represents the Migrating eye and the gray dot represents the Non-migrating eye. The first row is twenty-one, picture showing the migrating eye in almost the same location as the non-migrating eye on opposite sides of the head, picture showing the body tilted slightly to one side, picture showing the body parts developing and not clearly defined. The second row is thirty, picture showing the migrating eye on same side of the head as the non-migrating eye, picture showing body tilted to forty-five degree angle, picture showing the body parts defined, elongated, and flattened. The third row is fifty, picture showing the eyes unchanged, picture showing the body tilted to ninety degrees, picture showing the body fully developed.

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History of Flatfish

Scientists studied fossils from 50 million years ago to determine if there were transitional forms between symmetrical fish and asymmetrical flatfish. Transitional forms would have traits common to both ancestral fish and present-day flatfish. The phylogenetic tree shows the relationship between living flatfishes (Fishes C and D), a symmetrical fish (Fish A), and an extinct transitional form (Fish B) that was discovered.

The diagram titled Phylogenetic Tree shows the branching lines connecting four different fish. The key shows that the black dot represents the Migrating eye and the gray dot represents the Non-migrating eye. Fish A branches first from the source line, followed by Fish B, then Fish C and Fish D which are a branching pair.

Scientists compared certain genes in the symmetric fish and the flatfish. They compared these genes in symmetric stickleback, puffer fish, and zebra fish to two species of flatfish. A portion of the data from the scientific study are shown.

There is a table titled Amino Acid Differences. The table has three columns and five rows. The first column heading is Fish Species. The second column heading is Amino Acid Positions two hundred fifty-five through two hundred fifty-eight. The third column heading is Amino Acid Positions three hundred thirty-four through three hundred thirty-seven. The key shows that capital A represents Alanine, capital E represents Glutamate, capital H represents Histidine, capital L represents Leucine, capital P represents Proline, capital R represents Arginine, capital S represents Serine, capital T represents Threonine, capital Y represents Tyrosine. The first row is Stickleback, capital R H A E, capital A P L T. The second row is Pufferfish, capital R H A E, capital A P L T. The third row is Zebrafish, capital R H V E, capital S P L T. The fourth row is Japanese flouder (flatfish), capital R Y A E, capital A P L S. The fifth row is Tongue sole (flatfish), capital R Y A E, capital A P L S.

This is a drag and drop question that allows you to select text and place it in an appropriate answer space.

Create a sequence to show what happens when the thyroxine hormone activates a gene. Select and drag the processes into the correct positions.

The eye migration protein is created. DNA is transcribed into mRNA. The hormone and receptor bind to the gene. The amino acid sequence is created.

Arrow pointing down.

Arrow pointing down.

Arrow pointing down.

This is a test question that allows you to select a spot or region on a graphic.

The Phylogenetic Tree diagram can be used to show relatedness. Select the two fishes that are most closely related to each other.

This is a test question that allows you to enter extended text in your response.

Describe evidence that supports a relationship between biological evolution and the common ancestry of flatfish.

Type your answer in the space provided.

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Butterflies Near the Power Plant

The pale grass blue butterfly (Zizeeria maha) has small, blue-colored wings. The distance the butterfly can fly is limited by the size of its wings. The butterfly begins its life cycle as an egg. The egg hatches into a larva, or caterpillar. Next, the pupa forms a chrysalis and eventually the adult emerges as a butterfly. The typical life cycle is about twenty-two days.

Pale grass blue butterflies are found throughout Japan. This includes areas near the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). An accident at the nuclear power plant on March 11, 2011, released a large amount of nuclear radiation into the surrounding area. Radiation exposure decreased as the distance from the nuclear plant increased. A group of scientists claimed that the pale grass blue butterflies were a model organism to evaluate the environmental and biological effects of the radiation. Two months after the accident, the scientists captured adult pale grass blue butterflies at different distances from the nuclear power plant. This was the first generation of butterflies exposed to the radiation from the accident.

In a laboratory, the scientists bred the collected adult butterflies to create two generations. The eclosion time is the time it takes the butterfly to go from egg to adult. The eclosion time of each generation was recorded by the scientists. The graph shows the data collected.

The title of the graph is Average Eclosion Time for Radiation-Exposed Butterflies. The x-axis is labeled Distance from the NPP in kilometers. It begins at zero and extends to the right to one hundred sixty in intervals of forty. The y-axis is labeled Eclosion Time in days. It begins at zero after which there is a break and the next number is twenty-two. After twenty-two, the y-axis extends upward to twenty-seven in intervals of one. The graph has eight points as well as a line of best fit. The line of best fit begins at twenty-six at the distance of twenty kilometers and goes gradually down to twenty-three at the distance of one hundred seventy kilometers.

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Abnormalities

The scientists observed the new generations of butterfly for abnormalities in their wings, eyes, and appendages. The graph shows some of the data the scientists collected during their observations.

The title of the graph is Rate of Abnormal Appendages. The x-axis is labeled Distance from the NPP in kilometers. It begins at zero and extends to the right to one hundred eighty in intervals of forty. The y-axis is labeled Abnormality Rate percent. it begins at zero and extends upward to eight in intervals of two. The graph has eight points and a line of best fit.The line of best fit starts at six point nine at a distance of twenty kilometers and goes down gradually to zero point five at a distance of one hundred forty.

A butterfly's forewings are its two front wings. The graph shows the changes in forewing size as the butterflies' exposure to radiation increased. The risk of health effects from exposure to radiation are measured in microsievert units (µSv) in the graph.

The title of the graph is Butterfly Forewing Size. The x-axis is labeled Ground Radiation Exposure in microsieverts per hour. It begins at zero and extends to the right to four point zero in intervals of one point zero. The y-axis is labeled Forewing Size in centimeters. It begins at zero, and there is break after zero. After the break, the first number is one point two. After one point two, the y-axis extends upward to one point five in intervals of zero point one. The graph has ten points and a line of best fit.The line of best fit starts at one point four at zero microsieverts and goes gradually down to one point two two at three point four microsieverts.

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Radiation Impact

In butterflies, the genes that control the development of wings, eyes, and appendages are located on the same chromosome. The scientists performed another experiment to determine the impact of the radiation on the butterflies. The scientists collected a second sample of adult butterflies two months and six months after the nuclear accident. In a laboratory, the scientists grew two new generations of the butterflies from the adult butterflies they had collected.

The data table shows a comparison of the butterflies collected two months and six months after the accident and their offspring.

The title of the table is Abnormalities in Several Generations of Butterflies. The table has three columns and three rows. The first column heading is Generation. The second column heading is Two Months after Nuclear Accident percent. The third column heading is Six Months after Nuclear Accident percent. The first row is Parent population P, thirteen point two, twenty-eight point one. The second row is First generation produced F one, eighteen point three, fifty-one point nine. The third row is Second generation produced F two, thirty-three point five, data not collected.

This is a test question that allows you to enter extended text in your response.

Use evidence to support the claim that the nuclear accident at the nuclear power plant caused changes that resulted in the abnormalities seen in the pale grass blue butterfly population for the next several generations.

Type your answer in the space provided.

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Read the following information. Use the information to answer the questions.

Bee Populations

California supplies over 80% of the world's almonds. Each spring millions of honeybees are shipped to California. Almond growers need the honeybees to pollinate their trees. Almond trees rely on honeybee pollination. The almond growers look for hives that can be rented for the pollination season. The table summarizes the large number of honeybees needed.

California Hives
Hives in California Hives Needed to Pollinate California Orchards
~500,000 ~2,000,000

Honeybees live in a structure called a hive. A hive consists of

  • one queen bee that lays all the eggs for the hive,
  • hundreds of male drones whose only job is to mate with the queen,
  • and 20,000–80,000 worker bees who are responsible for pollination.

Two or more hives are needed per acre to pollinate the almond trees. The graphs show the number of hives and the almond tree acreage over a nine-year period.

Two line graphs are shown with a horizontal axis labeled year and ranging from 2010 to 2018. The top graph is titled U.S. beehives and has a vertical axis labeled hives, in millions, and ranging from 2.0 to 3.0. The line starts at 2010, about 2.7, goes down to 2011, 2.5, and then slowly increases for 2014, about 2.75. The graph then goes down a little in 2015, back up in 2016, back down in 2017 and finally up in 2018 to about 2.8 million hives. The second graph is titled almond tree acreage and has a vertical axis labelled acres, in thousands, randing from 600 to 1200. The graph starts at 2010, a little less than 800 and increases steadily to 2018, 1,100.

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Changing Conditions

During the winter, almond trees remain dormant, existing on stored water and nutrients. In early spring, almond trees begin blooming. The honeybees are released to begin four weeks of work moving from tree to tree pollinating each bloom.

Other insects add competition for the honeybees. The competition causes honeybees to pollinate at a higher rate. All these honeybees together from so many different places could potentially spread viruses and diseases. This could result in a loss of honeybees and, ultimately, almonds. The table summarizes several key factors in bee losses.

Bee Losses
Reason for Hive Loss Possible Causes Average % of Yearly Loss
colony collapse disorder
  • stress of traveling
  • habitat change
  • poor nutrition
  • lack of hibernation period—no rest
~17–20%
pesticide usage
  • insecticides and fungicides
~40% and up
harsh winters
  • lack of honey
  • long, colder days/nights
~30%

Almond pollination gives honeybees their first food of the year and provides the protein and amino acids their diet requires. Honeybee hives need more than one type of food to remain healthy. A healthy ecosystem is dependent on the honeybee population. The table shows how honeybees affect the rest of the ecosystem they support.

Honeybee Importance
Function Effect
food source Bees produce honey for other organisms as well as being a food source for birds and spiders.
plant growth Wild plants depend on pollination to create seeds.
biodiversity Bees support the growth of other plants and flowers that are habitats and food sources for others.
wildlife habitats Honeybees build elaborate hives for themselves, but also help build suitable ecosystems for sustaining other species.

This is a question with 4 parts, including a question with drop-down menus from which you must select an option to fill in the blank.

Select the phrases to describe the effects of pesticide usage on honeybees.

Widespread pesticide usage would result in    competition, which would    the pollination rate. This would lead to    in the biodiversity of the almost ecosystem and the amount of almonds produced would   

This is a drag and drop question that allows you to select text and place it in an appropriate answer space.

Select the events and drag them into the boxes to show how a decline in honeybees has an effect throughout the ecosystem.

Almond tree pollination decreases. The amount of food resources available for other organisms decreases. Fewer honeybee hives are available for pollination. Honeybees produce less honey.

down arrow, arrow pointing downward.

down arrow, arrow pointing downward.

down arrow, arrow pointing downward.

This is a test question that allows you to enter extended text in your response.

Use reasoning to explain the effect on biodiversity in the ecosystem if a large decrease in the honeybee population occurred in the United States.

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Ladybird Beetles

In the Netherlands, scientists are studying the climate’s impact on the population of ladybird beetles. One type of the beetles found in the Netherlands is the two-spot ladybird. Some two-spot ladybirds have black wing covers, while others have red wing covers.

The picture shows a black two-spot ladybird beetle on the left and a red two-spot ladybird beetle on the right. Each two-spot ladybird beetle has one spot in the middle of each wing cover.


All insects are cold-blooded, which means they cannot maintain a constant body temperature as warm-blooded organisms do. Cold-blooded organisms must “warm up” to an ideal temperature to function at their best. The scientists hypothesize that the black two-spot ladybirds are favored in colder, less windy areas because they warm up faster than the red two-spot ladybirds. The scientists observed the percent of each type of two-spot ladybirds at different locations along the line shown in the map. The cooler, less windy conditions tend to occur in the eastern regions, away from the coast. The graph shows data collected from west to east in the years 1980–2004.

A map of the Netherlands is shown. There is a line drawn on the map starting on the southwest coast of the Netherlands and proceeding inland in a southeast direction. The legend reads locations where two-spot ladybird beetles were counted.
The title of the graph is Black Two-Spot Ladybird Beetles. The x-axis is labeled Location west to east. It starts at one and extends to the right to fifteen in intervals of two. The y-axis is labeled Black Two-Spot Ladybirds percent. It begins at zero and extends upward to sixty in intervals of ten. The key shows a solid line for nineteen eighty, a dashed line for nineteen ninety-one, a dotted line for nineteen ninety-eight, and a dash-dot line for two thousand four. The solid line starts at about twenty at location one, goes up to twenty-three at location three, down to ten at location five, up to forty-five at location nine, down to thirty-five at location ten, then up to fifty-five at location fifteen. The dashed line starts at twenty at location one, goes up to twenty-three at location three, rises to thirty-eight at location nine, goes up to forty-nine at location fourteen, and down to forty-five at location sixteen. The dotted line begins at fifteen at location one and goes up to twenty-three at location nine, up to thirty-five at location ten, and levels off until location fifteen and drops to twenty-eight at location sixteen. The dash-dot line begins at twenty at location one, goes down to nine at location two, rises to twenty-nine at location ten, then lowers to twenty at location fifteen.


The scientists wondered if changes to the climate caused a genetic response in the two-spot ladybird population. Climate information for the Netherlands from 1980 through 2010 is shown in these two graphs.

The title of the graph is Change in Average Temperature. The x-axis is labeled Years. It starts at nineteen eighty and extends to the right to two thousand ten in intervals of ten. The y-axis is labeled Temperature in degrees Celsius. it begins at negative three and extends upward to two in intervals of one. The line on the graph begins above zero in nineteen eighty and goes up to about one in two thousand ten.
The title of the graph is Average Rainfall. The x-axis is labeled Years. It starts at nineteen eighty and extends to the right to two thousand ten in intervals of ten. The y-axis is labeled Rainfall in millimeters. It starts at zero and has a break in the graph, the next number shown is five hundred. After five hundred, the axis extends upward to nine hundred in intervals of one hundred. The line on the graph begins at eight hundred in nineteen eighty and goes up to eight hundred fifty in two thousand ten.

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Rickettsia

A bacterium called Rickettsia can infect female two-spot ladybird beetles. The females then pass the Rickettsia on to their offspring. The bacteria cause the male eggs to not hatch, but the Rickettsia does not affect the female offspring that inherit it from their mothers. After hatching, the offspring often eat the unhatched eggs.

Scientists studied the effects of Rickettsia by breeding a male two-spot ladybird with an uninfected female and an infected female. The table indicates some of the data the scientists collected.

The title of the table is Breeding Results. The table has five columns and eight rows. The first column heading is Male. The second column heading is Egg Hatch Rate percent. The third column heading is Male Offspring percent. The fourth column heading is Egg Hatch Rate percent. The fifth column Heading is Male Offspring percent. The second and third columns are grouped under the heading Uninfected Female. The fourth and fifth columns are grouped under the heading Infected Female. The first row is one, eighty-one, forty, thirty-nine, eighteen. The second row is two, ninety-six, sixty-three, thirty-one, eight. The third row is three, eighty-seven, forty, forty-nine, zero. The fourth row is four, ninety-three, seventy-three, forty-six, zero. The fifth row is five, seventy-six, thirty, thirty-nine, zero. The sixth row is six, eighty-three, sixty, forty-seven, twenty-eight. The seventh row is seven, eighty-eight, seventy-one, forty-three, zero. The eighth row is eight, ninety-five, fifty-seven, forty-seven, zero.

This is test content.

Harlequin Ladybird Beetles

Harlequin ladybird beetles are another species of beetle. They were originally found in Asia. Harlequin ladybirds have multiple spots on their red wing covers and are larger in size than two-spot ladybirds.

The picture shows a harlequin ladybird beetle. The beetle has many spots on both of its wing covers.

Ladybird beetles prey on aphids, which are small plant-eating insects that can spread diseases between plants and damage crops. Farmers tried to introduce the harlequin ladybirds to control aphid populations. For many years, the farmers’ efforts were unsuccessful, and Harlequin ladybirds could not survive in the area. In the early 1990s, the harlequin ladybirds were introduced in the Netherlands, and this time the ladybirds were able to survive and even thrive. Scientists noted that the harlequin ladybirds introduced in the 1990s preyed on two-spot ladybirds as well as aphids.

The title of the graph is Two-Spot Ladybird Beetle Population. The x-axis is labeled Years. It starts at nineteen eighty and extends to the right to two thousand four in intervals of four. The y-axis is labeled Population in thousands. It starts at zero and extends upward to fifty in intervals of ten. The line on the graph starts at fifty in nineteen eighty and drops to just above zero in nineteen ninety-two where it levels off.

This is a multiple choice question that allows you to select only one option.

Which statement best describes the relationship between the black two-spot beetles and climate in the Netherlands?

A

The percentage of black two-spot beetles did not increase in the Netherlands during the 1980s and 1990s.

B

The temperature and rainfall in the Netherlands increased in the Netherlands during the 1990s and 2000s.

C

The percentage of black two-spot beetles did not increase in the Netherlands during the 1980s and 1990s.

D

The population percentage of black two-spot beetles decreased in the 1990s and 2000s due to climate change in the Netherlands.

This is a multiple choice question that allows you to select several options.

Which statements explain the evolutionary impact the Rickettsia bacterium has on the population of two-spot ladybird beetles? Select the two that apply.

A

Because Rickettsia results in fewer male two-spot ladybird beetles hatching, the overall numbers of male two-spots also decrease.

B

The numbers of female two-spot ladybird beetles increase as those born to infected females have two survival advantages over other two-spots.

C

The male two-spot beetles born to uninfected females do not have food readily available because very few eggs will not hatch of those laid by uninfected females, whereas offspring born to infected females can consume the unhatched eggs of the males immediately upon hatching.

D

The male two-spot beetles born to uninfected females have to compete with all of their brothers and sisters upon hatching, whereas offspring born to infected females only have about half that number with which to compete.

E

Because about half of the offspring of infected females do not hatch, the female offspring of the infected females have less competition upon hatching than do the offspring of uninfected females.

This is a multiple choice question that allows you to select only one option.

A food web for ladybird beetles is shown.

The imported resource has no alt-text.


For which organism in the food web do the harlequin and two-spot ladybirds compete?

A
B
C
D
E

This is a multiple choice question that allows you to select only one option.

Use the food web to help answer the question.

The imported resource has no alt-text.


Which statement describes how the harlequin ladybirds have changed the environment for the two-spot ladybirds?

A

Harlequin ladybirds are not prey for the two-spot ladybirds.

B

Harlequin ladybirds are able to use two-spot ladybirds as a food source and are now a predator of the two-spot ladybirds.

C

Neither of the ladybird beetles use grape plants as a food source.

D

Neither of the ladybird beetles use soybean plants as a food source.

This is a multiple choice question that allows you to select only one option.

This is a test question that allows you to enter extended text in your response.

Use evidence to explain the survival advantages and disadvantages a red two-spot ladybird has if it is born to a female that is not infected with Rickettsia and lives on the southwestern coast of the Netherlands.

Type your answer in the space provided.

Sample Response:

Advantages: A red two-spot ladybird, due to its red color that does not absorb as much sunlight as quickly as a black two-spot ladybird, would not be affected by the warming temperatures and increased precipitation if the climate change continues along its current trend.

Disadvantages: A red two-spot ladybird will be the prey of harlequin ladybird beetles. When it is born, it will compete with more siblings for food and habitat than would the offspring of an infected female because many of the infected female’s offspring will not hatch. Also, when it is born it will not have a ready food supply as will the offspring of an infected female because the surviving offspring of an infected female can eat the unhatched eggs.

Score Description
4

There is evidence in this response that the student has a full and complete understanding of the solution to a problem or constructs a full and complete explanation of the question.

  • Demonstrates complete integration of the use of science and engineering practices such as modeling, engaging in argument from evidence, obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information, etc.
  • Provides a solution or explanation that is coherent and based on disciplinary core ideas
  • Reflects a complete synthesis of understanding of complex ideas and crosscutting concepts
  • Includes an effective application of the 3 dimensions (SEP, DCI, and CCC) to a practical problem or real-world situation which demonstrates a complete understanding of the 3 dimensions
3

There is evidence in this response that the student has a general understanding of the solution to a problem or constructs a complete explanation of the question.

  • Demonstrates integration of the use of science and engineering practices such as modeling, engaging in argument from evidence, obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information, etc.
  • Provides a solution or explanation that is mostly coherent and based on disciplinary core ideas
  • Reflects a synthesis of understanding of complex ideas and crosscutting concepts
  • Includes an effective application of the 3 dimensions to a practical problem or real-world situation which demonstrates an understanding of the 3 dimensions
2

There is evidence in this response that the student has a partial understanding of the solution to a problem or constructs an explanation of the question.

  • Demonstrates some integration of the use of science and engineering practices such as modeling, engaging in argument from evidence, obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information, etc.
  • Provides a solution or explanation that is adequately coherent and based on disciplinary core ideas
  • Reflects some synthesis of understanding of complex ideas and crosscutting concepts
  • Includes an application of the 3 dimensions to a practical problem or real-world situation which demonstrates a partial understanding of the 3 dimensions
1

There is evidence in this response that the student has a minimal understanding of the solution to a problem or constructs a minimal explanation of the question.

  • Demonstrates little or no integration of the use of science and engineering practices such as modeling, engaging in argument from evidence, obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information, etc.
  • Provides a solution or explanation that is minimally based on disciplinary core ideas
  • Reflects little or no synthesis of understanding of complex ideas and crosscutting concepts
  • Includes an application of the 3 dimensions to a practical problem or real-world situation which demonstrates a minimal understanding of the 3 dimensions
0

There is evidence that the student has no understanding of the solution to a problem or the question.

  • The response is completely incorrect, too vague, or irrelevant to the solution or question
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